Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of molecules;
Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centers, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded);
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections);
IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds);
Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism;
Determination of empirical and molecular formula of simple compounds (only combustion method);
Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids;
Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases;
Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides;
Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
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